过去完成时的结构及用法和例句?

时间:2025-03-18 13:28:13 经典文案

过去完成时是英语中的一种时态,用于表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。以下是其结构、用法及例句的详细说明:

一、结构

过去完成时的基本结构为:

$$ \text{主语} + \text{had} + \text{过去分词} $$

其中, had是助动词,通用于所有人称(I, you, he/she/it等)和数。

否定式疑问句的结构分别为:

否定句:主语 + had + not + 过去分词(如:He had not finished the task)

疑问句:助动词had提前至主语前(如:Had she arrived yet?)

二、用法

表示“过去的过去”

用于描述在过去某一时间点或动作之前已完成的动作。例如:

By the time we arrived, the meeting had already started. (我们到达时会议已开始)

When I called you last night, you had already gone to bed. (我昨晚给你打电话时,你已经睡了)

时间状语的运用

时间点:

by + 过去时间点(如:by 8 o'clock)

时间段:for + 时间段(如:for 20 minutes)

其他:before, after, than, as soon as 等

与现在完成时的对比

现在完成时(have/has done):强调过去动作对现在的影响(如:I have finished my homework)

过去完成时:强调过去动作在另一过去动作之前的完成

特殊用法

在宾语从句中:

用于间接引语中,将直接引语的过去时态转换为过去完成时(如:He said he had never been to Japan)

表示持续状态:与过去完成进行时(had been + 现在分词)连用

三、例句

基本用法

The letter had arrived by the time we read it. (我们读信时邮件已到达)

She had finished her homework before the movie started. (电影开始前她已完成作业)

时间状语示例

By the end of the project, we had already launched the campaign. (项目结束时,我们已经启动了活动)

Before the meeting, I had reviewed all the documents. (开会前我已审阅完所有文件)

与现在完成时对比

现在完成时:I have seen that movie six times. (强调次数)

过去完成时:I had seen that movie before I got the tickets. (强调时间先后)

四、常见错误

时态混淆:

将过去完成时与过去简单时混淆(如:He had walked to school when I arrived → He walked to school when I arrived)

结构错误:漏写助动词had(如:She done her homework)

通过以上结构、用法及例句,可系统掌握过去完成时的运用。