英语的八种时态及其公式如下:
一般现在时
概念:表示经常性或习惯性的动作,以及现在的状态、特征、职业、能力、感觉等。
时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.
基本结构:
肯定句:主语 + 动词原形(第三人称单数形式:主语 + 动词的s/es/ies形式)
否定句:主语 + don't/doesn't + 动词原形(第三人称单数形式:主语 + doesn't + 动词的s形式)
一般疑问句:Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形?
例子:
肯定句:She often speaks English.
否定句:He doesn't go to school.
一般疑问句:Does she speak English?
一般过去时
概念:表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态,以及过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week (year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
基本结构:
肯定句:主语 + 动词的过去式(使用-ed或特殊的不规则变化)
否定句:主语 + didn't + 动词原形
一般疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形?
例子:
肯定句:He went to school.
否定句:She didn't finish her homework.
一般疑问句:Did he go to school?
现在进行时
概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.
基本结构:
肯定句:主语 + be (am/is/are) + 动词-ing形式
否定句:主语 + am/is/are + not + 动词-ing形式
一般疑问句:Is/Am/Are + 主语 + 动词-ing形式?
例子:
肯定句:He is studying.
否定句:They are not watching TV.
一般疑问句:Are you reading a book?
过去进行时
概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语:last week, yesterday, the day before yesterday, in 1989, at that time, etc.
基本结构:
肯定句:主语 + was/were doing
否定句:主语 + was/were not doing
一般疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + doing?
例子:
肯定句:She was cooking dinner.
否定句:They were not playing football.
一般疑问句:Were you reading a book?
现在完成时
概念:表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语:already, just, yet, ever, never, recently, so far, up to now, in the past few days, etc.
基本结构:
肯定句:主语 + have/has done
否定句:主语 + have/has not done
一般疑问句:Have/Has + 主语 + done?
例子:
肯定句:I have finished my homework.
否定句:They haven't arrived yet.
一般疑问句:Have you seen the movie?
过去完成时
概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
时间状语:by the time, before, after, as soon as, until, once, the day before yesterday, etc.
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